Publication Details
Ellero, J.,
Lubomski, M.,
&
Brew, B.
(2017).
Interventions for neurocognitive dysfunction.
Current HIV/AIDS Reports, 14 (1), 8-16.
Abstract
Purpose of review: To evaluate current barriers to HIV cure strategies and interventions for neurocognitive dysfunction with a particular focus on recent advancements over the last three years.
Recent findings: Optimal anti-retroviral therapy (ART) poses challenges to minimise neurotoxicity, whilst ensuring blood brain barrier penetration and minimising the risk of cerebrovascular disease. CSF biomarkers, BCL11B and neurofilament light chain may be implicated with a neuroinflammatory cascade leading to cognitive impairment. Diagnostic imaging with diffusion tensor imaging as well as resting-state fMRI show promise in future diagnosis and monitoring of HAND.
Summary: The introduction of ART has resulted in a dramatic decline in HIV-associated dementia. Despite this reduction, milder forms of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND) are still prevalent and are clinically significant. The central nervous system (CNS) has been recognised as a probable reservoir and sanctuary for HIV, representing a significant barrier to management interventions.
Keywords
HIV, neurocognitive dysfunction, HAND, dementia, CNS reservoir, neurotoxicity, neuroimaging, cerebrovascular disease
